This essay provides an overview of a practical issue facing modern cyberspace: cyberattacks and defense. The objects used
for cyberattacks are described at the beginning of the study, along with the ways in which they might be disseminated, including secondary
memory, email attachments, instant messages, and malicious bots. The use of mathematical modeling and simulation to address the issue is
described in this work along with a thorough assessment of the literature. In order to identify research needs, cyber defense architecture and
potential components of a cyber defense model are also examined. This report concludes by identifying certain gaps and potential solutions.